Language Learning Metrics Are Holding You Back

Finding the best way to track your journey can be exhausting. The traditional options might look the most attractive, but they have their hidden surprises. In this article, we will explore why traditional language learning metrics might be holding you back and how an American linguist might be changing the game!

Traditional Methods of Language Learning Metrics Tracking

When it comes to language learning, many of us are familiar with the traditional language learning metrics methods: 

1. Test Scores: Regular testing to assess knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, and comprehension.
2. Vocabulary Counts: Tracking the number of words a learner knows.
3. Grammar Quizzes: Frequent assessments to ensure understanding of grammatical rules.
4. Output Measurement: Evaluating spoken and written output to determine proficiency.

While these metrics provide clear data points, they often fail to capture the true essence of language acquisition and can create pressure and anxiety. 

The focus on meeting benchmarks can detract from the joy of learning and create a high-pressure environment. This is where Stephen Krashen’s theories offer a contrasting view, advocating for a more natural and enjoyable path to language learning.

But, who are Stephen Krashen and his theories?

Stephen Krashen is an American linguist, known for his Second-Language-Acquisition (SLA) theories. Krashen’s approach to language learning diverges significantly from traditional methods.

Let’s have a quick dive into the 5 key elements of SLA: 

1. Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis: Learning a language naturally, as children do, is better than just studying it in a classroom.
2. Monitor Hypothesis: Using what you have learned in class to check your language can slow you down if you rely on it too much.
3. Input Hypothesis: You learn best when you understand language that is just a little bit harder than what you know now.
4. Affective Filter Hypothesis: Feeling relaxed and confident helps you learn a language better, while anxiety can block learning.
5. Natural Order Hypothesis: People learn language rules in a certain order, regardless of how they are taught in class.

Other prominent linguists, who advocate for similar naturalistic and communicative approaches in their research and practice, support Krashen’s views.

Tracy Terrell is a co-developer of the Natural Approach with Krashen, Terrell emphasises natural communication and comprehensible input over traditional instruction.

And others like Noam Chomsky and Michael Long whose work reinforces Krashen’s focus on comprehensible input and natural acquisition. 

So, why do Stephen Krashen’s theories make sense? 

These ideas are not just theoretical; they align closely with how humans naturally learn languages. 

By focusing on how we acquire our first language, Krashen’s theories provide a more effective and enjoyable approach to language learning.

His theories focus on:

Meaningful Interaction: Krashen’s emphasis on comprehensible input aligns with how we naturally acquire our first language. 

Engaging with meaningful content helps learners internalise language structures without the stress of formal assessments.

Reducing Anxiety: Traditional metrics can elevate anxiety, raising the affective filter and hindering acquisition. 

Krashen’s approach minimises formal testing, promoting a more relaxed and enjoyable learning environment.

Encouraging Natural Output: According to Krashen, output should emerge naturally when learners are ready. 

This contrasts with traditional methods that often force early production, potentially leading to frustration and burnout.

Intrinsic Motivation: By focusing on interesting and engaging content, Krashen’s methods boost intrinsic motivation. 

When learners are genuinely interested in the material, they are more likely to persist and enjoy the process.

Long-Term Fluency: Krashen’s theories prioritise long-term fluency over short-term performance. 

While traditional metrics might show quick gains, Krashen’s approach aims for deep, lasting language proficiency.

We can see these theories in practice today in: 

• Immersion Programs: Students in immersive language learning programs are surrounded by the target language in meaningful contexts, and often achieve higher fluency compared to those in traditional classrooms. 

These programs embody Krashen’s principles of comprehensible input and low affective filters.

• Language Acquisition by Immigrants: Immigrants often achieve language proficiency through daily interactions and natural input, rather than formal instruction, mirroring Krashen’s theories on natural acquisition.

• Language Apps and Platforms: Apps like Duolingo and LangMagic focus on immersive and engaging content rather than traditional metrics, and have reported significant success. 

These platforms align with Krashen’s emphasis on input and enjoyable learning.

However, let’s get back on track and finally ask ourselves:

To Track or Not to Track?

Given Krashen’s theories, the question arises: should language learners track their progress at all? 

While Krashen’s approach minimises language learning tracking, it doesn’t completely dismiss the idea of being aware of one’s progress. 

The key is to shift the focus from rigid metrics to more meaningful indicators of growth:

1. Self-Assessment: Reflect on your ability to understand and use the language in real-life situations. Can you follow a conversation, enjoy a movie, or read a book in the target language?
2. Personal Milestones: Celebrate personal milestones such as successfully ordering food in a restaurant, having a conversation with a native speaker, or understanding a news broadcast.
3. Engagement and Enjoyment: Track your engagement with the language. Are you enjoying the learning process? Are you motivated to continue?
4. Feedback from Native Speakers: Seek feedback from native speakers or language partners. Their insights can be more valuable than test scores.

Stephen Krashen’s views on language acquisition challenge the conventional reliance on formal language learning metrics and assessments. Supported by other leading linguists, his theories highlight the importance of natural, meaningful interaction, reducing anxiety, and fostering intrinsic motivation. 

By rethinking how we track language learning progress, we can create more effective and enjoyable learning experiences that align with the way our brains are wired to acquire language.

In a world where data and metrics often dominate, Krashen’s approach reminds us of the value of natural, human-centred learning. As language learners and educators, considering his theories can lead to more fulfilling and successful language learning journeys.